| Language | Year | Size | Popularity IEEE Sep 2025 Tiobe Jan 2026 StackOvfl 2025 |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell | 1971 - Thompson 1977 - Bourne 1983 - Korn 1989 - ash 1989 - bash 1990 - zsh 1997 - dash |
? ? 1.8MB 170KB 7.2MB 11MB 190KB |
IEEE 9 (all) TIOBE 48 (bash) StackOvfl 5 (all) |
POSIX |
| scheme | 1975 | 46MB (guile) |
IEEE NR TIOBE >50 StackOvfl 31 (lisp) |
many implementations IEEE standard |
| awk | 1977 | 2.5MB (gawk) |
IEEE NR TIOBE >50 StackOvfl NR |
POSIX |
| perl | 1987 | 54MB | IEEE 22 TIOBE 11 StackOvfl 26 |
|
| tcl | 1988 | 7.8MB (no graphics) |
IEEE 44 TIOBE >50 StackOvfl NR |
|
| python | 1991 2008 (3.0) |
79MB | IEEE 1 TIOBE 1 StackOvfl 3 |
|
| lua | 1993 | 1.2MB | IEEE 21 TIOBE 30 StackOvfl 16 |
|
| php | 1995 | 15MB | IEEE 12 TIOBE 13 StackOvfl 12 |
web server scripting |
| javascript | 1995 | 73MB (node.js) | IEEE 6 TIOBE 6 StackOvfl 1 |
runs in browsers or node.js |
| ruby | 1995 | 50MB | IEEE 17 TIOBE 27 StackOvfl 18 |
|
| scala | 2004 | 50MB 409MB for JDK |
IEEE 28 TIOBE 33 StackOvfl 29 |
uses Java VM |
| clojure | 2007 | 58MB 409MB for JDK |
IEEE 51 TIOBE >50 StackOvfl NR |
uses Java VM |
| elixir | 2011 | 6.3MB 137MB for erlang |
IEEE 43 TIOBE 39 StackOvfl 28 |
uses erlang VM |
| julia | 2012 | 205MB | IEEE 31 TIOBE 28 StackOvfl NR |
mathematical |